\section{Summary}
\label{sec:conclusion}

In this chapter, we developed an analytical framework to study the
business and economic aspects of the femtocell services based on a game
theoretic model. Under the developed model we drew the following
conclusions:   \smallskip
\begin{compactenum}[1)]
\item With an enhanced network capacity driven by
  the open-femto BSs, the open-femto service also benefits users as well as providers since
  users can enjoy cheaper services (subsidy) with better quality, where
  even the social welfare also increases.

\item When {\em open-femto} services are offered, blocking the access of
  mobile-only users to femto BSs does not significantly impact revenue,
  user surplus and social welfare. The providers can choose either option
  depending on their preference without loss of economic benefit.

\item The provider can achieve higher revenue with flat pricing than
  partial volume pricing when users are price-sensitive.  However, the
  difference becomes negligible for users with low price-sensitivity.

% \item Tiered pricing scheme surpasses the other pricing schemes for
%   all scenarios. Howerver, since the revenue gain is neglectable, it
%   might be better that the provider use the flat pricing scheme due to complexity.
  
\item The femtocell service has strong network effects in connection to the number
  of {\em open-femto} users.  Due to the positive externality, the incumbent
  who starts the business early gets most of the market share.
\end{compactenum}

% \smallskip
% The aforementioned conclusions are
% limited by assumptions, some of which include
% the following:
% % We believe the aforementioned conclusions, though they are interesting, are limited to many assumptions that
% % we used in the model. Some of them are as follows:
% %This paper provides an analytical framework to study the pricing of
% %femtocell services, and its economic impacts on users, providers, and
% %social welfare.
% %Our model has the following limitations, which should be
% %relaxed for future research.  
% \smallskip
% \begin{compactenum}[1)]
% \item The user type $\gamma$ is assumed to be uniformly distributed. 
% \item The iso-elastic utility may not be true in practice, and all users
%   have the equivalent price-sensitivity $\theta$ in our model.
% \item There is no service differentiation between femtocell owners and
%   guests in open femtocells.  In the practical services, users are
%   willing to open their femtocells, yet they may want to be served
%   with high priority, which is an interesting future work.
% \end{compactenum}



%Actual gamma distribution might be not uniform. Numerical analysis with practical $\gamma$ is an our further work. Moreover, since the $\theta$ could be also different by users, we should consider it later. Second, the coverage of each femto BS is assumed to be the same. However, according to the deployed place, the visiting probability could be different. Thus, we will study about the coverage differentiation modeling and analysis. 

%
%Second, in duopoly, what happens when two competitors act at almost the same time will be studied in further works, since, in this paper, we just consider sequential game for duopoly. 
%

%There are three more items, which are interested to solve. First, we will study about more tariff for the femto systems. For example, it is interesting how the revenue, surplus and welfare are changed with two-part tariff and paris-metro-pricing. 


%First, we only considered a single cell
%for simplicity and tractability. Many issues due to the multi-cell
%environments, e.g., inter-cell interference and handoff may have further
%impact. Second, we did not consider to cost of femto-cell services. We
%expect that the cost of installing and managing femtocell networks is
%relatively low, compared to the cost incurred by macro cells, but it is
%necessary to include it in the model for more practicability. Third, our
%model assumed that the services are not differentiated between the
%femto-cell owner and the guests. In many cases, even if one is willing
%to open his femto cell to others, he may want to be served with some
%priority, which is also an interesting research topic.


% A lot of packets might be served by wireless links in future Internet
% scenarios. Therefore, the wireless network systems should be upgraded to
% support the increasing demands of Internet service traffic. On the other
% hand, the operators do not want to invest much money to increase their
% capacity, since they desire to have more profit. In the confliction,
% femto cells could be a good solution. Recently, since the femto AP is
% cheep and gives great throughput for indoor area, many operators start
% to promote deploying femto APs. This paper shows that femto APs give
% more revenue to the operators and more payoff to the users. Moreover,
% since the open femto AP offloads outside users' traffic, with open femto
% APs, the operators could have much more revenue when they open the femto
% APs.



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